,e;jpa nghk;ik fij
nghk;ik nra;Ak; ghuk;gupakpf;f ghuk;gupaj;ij ,e;jpah nfhz;Ls;sJ. ehl;bd; Kjy; nka;epfu; nghk;ik fz;fhl;rpiaj; njhlq;fpajd; %yk;> ,e;jpag; gpujku; eNue;jpu Nkhb xU Foe;ijapd; tsu;r;rpapy; ghuk;gupa ,e;jpa nghk;ikfs; tfpf;Fk; Kf;fpa gq;if vLj;Jiuj;jhu; NkYk; ghuk;gupa nghk;ik nra;Ak; r%fq;fis jq;fs; iftpidfis Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y Cf;Ftpj;jhu;. ehL KOtjpYkpUe;J mwpag;glhj rpy cs;ehl;L nghk;ikfis ehq;fs; cq;fSf;Ff; nfhz;L tUfpNwhk;
“xU nghk;ikiaf; nfhz;L xU Foe;ij nra;af;$ba kpfr; rpwe;j tp\ak; mij cilg;gJ” vd;W mwptpayhsUk; nghk;ik fz;Lgpbg;ghsUkhd mutpe;j; Fg;jh ek;Gfpwhu;. nghk;ikfs; Foe;ij gUtj;jpd; xUq;fpize;j gFjpahFk;. ,J KbntLf;Fk; jpwd;fis tsu;f;f cjTfpwJ kw;Wk; Foe;ijapd; mwpthw;wy; tsu;r;rpf;F cjTfpwJ. 5>000 tUlq;fSf;F Kw;gl;ljhf ek;gg;gLk; ,e;jpa nghk;ikfs;> ehl;bd; vz;zw;w fyhr;rhuk;> kuGfs; kw;Wk; r%fq;fSld; xU Foe;ijia mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd xU ClfkhfTk; tpsq;FfpwJ. ,e;jpag; gpujku; eNue;jpu Nkhb rkPgj;jpy; ehl;bd; Kjy; nghk;ik fz;fhl;rpia Md;iyd; Kiwapy; Jtf;fpa NghJ ,e;jpa cs;ehl;L nghk;ikfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ,e;jpag; nghUshjhuj;jpy; cs;Shu; nghk;ik jahupg;ghsu;fspd; gq;if vLj;Jiuj;jhu;. “vq;fs; [,e;jpa] nghk;ikfs; ,e;jpa tho;f;if Kiwapd; xU gFjpahf ,Ue;j kWgad;ghL kw;Wk; kWRow;rp Mfpatw;iw gpujpgypf;fpd;wd. ngUk;ghyhd ,e;jpa nghk;ikfs; ,aw;if kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;R+oy; el;G nghUl;fshy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;wpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tz;zq;fs; ,aw;ifahdit kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ghdit ”vd;W gpujku; Nkhb gjtpNaw;G tpohtpy; $wpdhu;. njhlf;f tpohtpy; nghk;ik cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; Fiwe;j gpsh];bf; kw;Wk; kWRow;rp nra;af;$ba nghUl;fis jq;fs; nghUl;fspy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; gpujku; typAWj;jpdhu;.
nghk;ikfs; ehL KOtJk; Mu;tkhf cs;sd> NkYk; cs;ehl;L nghk;ikfs; jahupg;gij Cf;Ftpf;Fk; xU ehL tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; kfpo;r;rpapd; mwpFwpfis ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,d;W ngUk;ghyhd rKjhaq;fspy;> nghk;ikfs; kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lfs; njhopw;rhiyfspy; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd> ,J cyfshtpa kw;Wk; ntF[d Efu;T eltbf;iff;F toptFf;fpwJ> r%fq;fis njhopy;Jiwahf khw;WfpwJ. Kd;djhf> nghk;ikfs; kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lfs; Foe;ijfs;> FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; cs;Shu; iftpidQu;fshy; tbtikf;fg;gl;L nra;ag;gl;ld. ,d;W> ngUk;ghyhd nghk;ikfs; ngUkstpy; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; ,d;Dk; Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapy; ,Ue;jhYk;> xU rpy Ra xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; iftpidg; gpupTfs; cs;sd> mit nghk;ik nra;Ak; kuGfSf;F Nt&d;wpAs;sd> mjd; %yk; mtw;wpd; jdpj;Jt milahsj;ij jf;fitj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wd.
nfhz;lg;gs;sp nghk;ikfs;
nfhz;lgs;sp nghk;ikfs; Me;jpuhtpd; fyhr;rhu rpd;dkhf> nfhz;lgs;sp nghk;ikfs;-kuj;jpdhy; nkd;ikahf nrJf;fg;gl;L ifahy; tiuag;gl;lit-ehd;F E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;G Njhd;wpa ngauplg;gl;l fpuhkj;jpy; ,Ue;J mtu;fspd; ngau;fisg; ngw;wd. ,e;j mofhd kw;Wk; ntspg;gilahd nghk;ikfspd; fUg;nghUs;fs; yhupfs;> upf;\hf;fs;> ghy;fp]; (gy;yf;Ffs;) kw;Wk; fhis tz;bfs; Nghd;w rpd;dkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwfs; Kjy; ,e;J fhtpaq;fs; kw;Wk; Guhzq;fspd; mj;jpahaq;fs; kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gw tho;f;if> tpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; gwitfspd; rpj;jupg;Gfs; tiu cs;sd. ,e;j mofhd kw;Wk; ntspg;gilahd nghk;ikfspd; fUg;nghUs;fs; yhupfs;> upf;\hf;fs;> ghy;fp]; (gy;yf;Ffs;) kw;Wk; fhis tz;bfs; Nghd;w rpd;dkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwfs; Kjy; ,e;J fhtpaq;fs; kw;Wk; Guhzq;fspd; mj;jpahaq;fs; kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gw tho;f;if> tpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; gwitfspd; rpj;jupg;Gfs; tiu cs;sd. jrhtjhuk; (tp\;Ztpd; gj;J mtjhuq;fs;) njhFg;G kpfTk; gpugykhd nfhz;lg;gs;sp nghk;ik MFk;.
Mrhupfz;b nluNfhl;lh nghk;ikfs;
mrhkpd; Jg;up khtl;lj;jpy; mrupf;fhz;b cs;sJ> mjd; jdpj;Jtkhd nluNfhl;lh nghk;ikfSf;F gpugykhd fpuhkk;. ghuk;gupa fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jp cUthf;fg;gl;l> Mrhupfz;bapd; iftpidQu;fs; md;whl tho;tpy; ,Ue;J cs;Shu; nja;tq;fs;> tpyq;Ffs;> gwitfs; kw;Wk; nghUl;fspd; jpwikahd rpiyfis tbtikj;Js;sdu;. Mdhy; kpfTk; gpugykhd kw;Wk; gpugykhd Mrhupfz;b nluNfhl;lh nghk;ikfspy; xd;W `jpkh Gl;Ls; (mrhkpy; Gl;Ly; vd;why; nghk;ik). fyhr;rhu Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpd; milahskhf> `hjpkh Gl;ly; xU jha; ePl;ba Kfj;Jld; ahid fhJfs; Nghd;w fhJfisAk;> xU Foe;ijia jd; iffspNyh my;yJ kbapNyh itj;jpUg;gij rpj;jupf;fpwJ> kw;Wk; rpy tbtikg;Gfspy;> xU gf;fj;jpy; xU Foe;ij kw;Wk; xU gpujPgdp (kz; tpsf;F)
rd;dgl;dh nghk;ikfs; fu;ehlfhtpd; rd;dgl;dh efuj;jpd; rpd;dkhd jahupg;ghFk;> ,e;j kfpo;r;rpfukhd nghk;ikfs; njd;dpe;jpahtpd; Kf;fpa Ml;rpahsuhd jpg;G Ry;jhd; (1782-1799) Ml;rpapd; njhlf;fj;ijf; fz;lwpe;jjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ. ghuk;gupakhf> ,e;j ePbj;j nghk;ikfs; je;jk; kuj;jpdhy; nra;ag;gl;ld> Mdhy; gy Mz;Lfshf ug;gu;> rPNkhu;> re;jdk;> Njf;F kw;Wk; igd; Nghd;w kuq;fspd; kuq;fis ,izj;J gupzkpj;Js;sd. gsgsg;ghd ngapz;l; Nfhl; %yk; epkplq;fspy; nrJf;fg;gl;L> Kbf;fg;gl;l ,e;j nghk;ikfspy; rpyTk; fy;tp rhu;e;jit. nfhk;Ngfyh CU my;yJ nghk;ik efuk; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; rd;dg;gl;bdj;jpy; cs;s iftpidQu;fs;> ngd; ];lhz;Lfs; kw;Wk; nkOFtu;j;jp ];lhz;Lfs; Nghd;w gad;ghl;L nghUl;fSld; uapy;fisAk; mire;jhLk; FjpiufisAk; cUthf;Ffpwhu;fs;.
jQ;rhT+u; nghk;ikfs;
jQ;rhT+u; nghk;ikfspd; jdpj;Jtkhd mk;rk; mtw;wpd; FYq;Fk; jiyfs;> mjdhy; mit jkpopy; jQ;rhT+u; jiyahl;b nghk;ik vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd> ,J jQ;rhT+u; jiyia cYf;Fk; nghk;ik vd;W nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s jQ;rhT+upy; cUthd ,e;j nghk;ikfs;> fspkz;> gspq;F kw;Wk; nkOF Nghd;w nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ifahy; tbtikf;fg;gl;L gujehl;bak; kw;Wk; fjfsp eldf; fiyQu;fspd; cUtq;fis xj;jpUf;fpwJ. jQ;rhT+upy; Ml;rp nra;j mur tk;rq;fspd; milahskhf muru; kw;Wk; uhzp Nghy Njhw;wkspf;Fk; jk;gjpapdupd; Nuhyp ghyp cUtq;fSk; jQ;rhT+u; nghk;ikfspy; mlq;Fk;. ,e;j nghk;ikapd; jdpj;jd;ik mJ 2008 ,y; Gtpapay; FwpaPLfs; ([pI) Fwpr;nrhy;iyg; ngw;wJ.
ehJq;fpuhk; nghk;ikfs;
Nkw;F tq;fj;jpd; gu;j;thd; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s ehJq;fpuhk; vd;w fpuhkj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ehl;Lq;f;uhk; nghk;ikfs; kuj;jpdhy; nrJf;fg;gl;l kw;nwhU cs;ehl;L nghk;ikfs; kw;Wk; ngauplg;gl;l fpuhkj;jpd; ngauplg;gl;lJ. ehJq;fpuhk; nghk;ikfs; 15 kw;Wk; 16 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; tq;fj;jpy; tsu;e;j gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; miyf;F Ke;ijait. gytpjkhd ehLk;uhk; nghk;ikfs; gfthd; fpU\;zu; kw;Wk; mtuJ Jiztpahu; uhjh Kjy; gu;j;thd; mur uh[;aj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s rpg;gha; nghk;ikfs; tiu ,Ue;jhYk;> mjd; kpfTk; gpugykhd jahupg;G Me;ijfspd; rpd;dkhd N[hb MFk;.,e;jpa nghk;ikfs; nghOJNghf;fpd; nghUshf kl;Lky;yhky; fy;tpapd; Nehf;fkhfTk; cs;sJ. gpujku; Nkhb jiyikapyhd muR> ,e;jpa nghk;ikfis gpugyg;gLj;jTk;> cs;Shu; iftpidQu;fis mtu;fspd; fiy ghuk;gupaj;ij Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yTk; Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ. cz;ikapy;> nghk;ik 24 ftdk; nrYj;Jk; Jiwfspy; xd;whFk;> ,jpy; ,e;jpah jd;dpiwT mile;J ,wf;Fkjpiaf; Fiwf;fpwJ. ,e;j Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf cioj;J> ehL Vw;fdNt nghk;ikfSf;fhd ,wf;Fkjp tupia 2020 y; 20 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 60 rjtPjkhf cau;j;jp> juf; fl;Lg;ghl;L Mizia epWtpAs;sJ> mjd;gb> 14 tajpw;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfSf;fhd midj;J nghk;ikfs; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlu;Gila nghUl;fs; ,e;jpa juepiyfspd; gzpafj;jhy; rhd;wspf;fg;gl;lJ.muR kw;Wk; Njrpa tbtikg;G epWtdk; Nghd;w epWtdq;fspd; MjuTld;> ,e;jpahtpd; nghk;ik jahupf;Fk; njhopy; njhlu;e;J tsuhJ> Mdhy; gpujkupd; Mj;kepu;gu; ghuj;> Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah kw;Wk; cs;Shu; Fuy;