mk;jhtj;jpd; jdpj;Jtk;

F[uhj;> ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;nghpa Kjy; cyf And];Nfh ghuk;ghpa efuk;> mjpy; mfkjhghj; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfSf;F nrhh;f;fkhf tpsq;FfpwJ. mjd; Neh;j;jpahd epidTr;rpd;dq;fs;> tpWtpWg;ghd re;ijfs; kw;Wk; xU Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l rikay; fhl;rpAld;> kwf;f Kbahj mDgtq;fis toq;FfpwJ.

rgh;kjp Mw;wpd; jz;zPh; J}uj;jpypUe;J ghAk; NghJ fh;[pf;fpwij> vd;dhy; Nfl;f KbfpwJ. xU caukhd fpisapy;> vdf;F NkNy ,uz;L gwitfs; xU ghliy ghlj; njhlq;fpd> fhw;W tPr njhlq;fpdTld; kio nga;Ak; vd;w cWjpiaf; nfhLj;jJ. mfkjhghj;jpy; cs;s rgh;kjp Mrpukj;jpd; mikjpahd gRikahd ikjhdj;jpy; ehd; epw;fpNwd;> ehd; xUNghJk; ,e;jsTf;F rkhjhdkhf ,Ue;jjpy;iy. ,q;Nf> efuj;jpd; ,iur;riy ehd; Nfl;ftpy;iy> vd; rikayiwapy; ehd; gof;fkhfptpl;l gjw;wkhd nray;ghLfshy; #og;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. mjw;F gjpyhf> kfhj;kh fhe;jpapd; tho;f;if> Neuk; kw;Wk; jj;Jtq;fis Mtzg;gLj;Jk; mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpd; fz;fhl;rpfs; topahf ehd; elf;fpNwd;. mtuJ jho;ikahd tho;f;iff; FbapUg;G> ,q;F mUikahf ghJfhf;fg;gLtjhy;> mth; ek;gpapUe;j ,yl;rpaq;fspd; ghh;itia ehd; mwpaKbfpwJ. Mw;wpd; Nkw;Ff; fiuapy; mike;Js;s Mrpukj;jpy; rpy kzp Neuk;

nrytpLtJ ed;whf,Uf;Fk;. Mw;wpd; Nkw;Ff; fiuapy; mike;Js;s Mrpukj;jpy; rpy kzp Neuk; nrytpLtJ vspikahdJ. 1917 Kjy; 1930 tiu> ,e;jpahtpd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJ> ​​MrpukkhdJ fhe;jp[papDila jiyikafkhf nray;gl;lJ. mfkjhghj; my;yJ mk;jhthj;jpy; cs;s Kjy; milahsq;fspy; rgh;kjp Mrpukk; xd;whFk; ,t;thwhf cs;Shhpy; mwpag;gLfpwJ> ehd; tUif je;J me;j ,lj;jpypUe;J Gwg;gLk; Neuk; fpl;lj;jl;l kjpa czTf;fhd Neukha; ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s efuq;fis mtw;wpd; czT %yk; milahsk; fhzyhk;. njd;dpe;jpahthdJ ,l;ypfs;> Njhirfs; kw;Wk; Mg;gq;fs;> kw;Wk; tl ,e;jpah milj;j guhj;jhf;fs;> khjh; gd;dPh; kw;Wk; Nrhyp Fy;r;Nr nfhz;ljhFk;. thapy; vr;rpy; Cw> Njhf;yh]; kw;Wk; ehit J}z;lf;$ba> F[uhj;jp fhjp Kjy; [Nygp]; rpug; tiu Njh;e;njLg;gjpy; rpukgl;LNghNdd;

ehd; mkh;e;Njd; xU tphpthd F[uhj;jp jhyp (guTjy;) ghuk;ghpa topapy;> rpW (gpj;jis) ghj;jpuk;. czT ghpkhWtjw;F Kd;G> vd; iffis fOt xU rpwpa fpz;zk; vdf;F toq;fg;gLfpwJ> xU cNyhf njhl;bapy; ,Ue;J jz;zPh; Cw;wg;gLfpwJ> ,J xU gioa gof;fkhFk; vd;wdh;. nkJthf> jdpah (nfhj;jky;yp) kw;Wk; g+z;bdh (Gjpdh) rl;dp> kw;Wk; f[hh; kph;r; Mr;rhh; (Nful; kw;Wk; kpsfha; CWfha;) Nghd;w CWfha; kw;Wk; rl;dpfspd; tifg;gLj;jypy; njhlq;fp cs;Shh; Ritahd nghUl;fspd; rpwpa gFjpfshy; vd; jl;L epuk;gpdJ. ,it jl;by; itf;fg;gl;l xU ,iyapy; ghpkhwg;gLfpd;wd. CWfhapd; fl;lh (Gspg;G) gpj;jisAld; tpidGhpahky; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;tNj ,iy> gzpahsh; tpsf;Ffpwhh;. gpd;dh; Kf;fpa czTfs; hpq;fdh glhl;lh E \hf; (cUisf;fpoq;Fld; rikj;j fj;jhpf;fha;)> Nrhuh E \hf; (eWkzKs;s fWg;G-fz; gPd;]; fpNutp)> F[uhj;jp fl;b kpl;b jhy; (,dpg;G kw;Wk; Gspg;G gaW #g;)> ce;jpA (fPiu Ng];Lld; jahhpf;fg;gl;l fye;j fha;fwp)> gpz;b rk;ghhpah (ntz;ilf;fha; fwp)> F[uhj;jp fhjp (japh; kw;Wk; fpuhk; khTld; jahhpf;fg;gl;l xU ,dpikahd nky;ypa fpNutp)> mhprp kw;Wk; fpr;rb (Kf;fpakhf mhprp kw;Wk; gpsT gUg;Gfisf; nfhz;l xU ,e;jpa czT) g[;hp kw;Wk; kf;fha; Neh Nuhl;Nyh Nghd;w nuhl;bfspd; tifg;gLj;jYld; (g[;uh jpid kw;Wk; Nrhsj;jpd; khTld; nra;ag;gl;l Nuhl;b my;yJ jl;ilahdnuhl;b) kw;Wk; Guhd; ghyp (xU ,dpg;G nuhl;b). ehd; xt;nthU Kiw cl;nfhs;Sk; NghJk; kfpo;fpNwd;> F[uhj;jp jhypia rhpahd topapy; vg;gb Ritg;gJ vd;gJ Fwpj;j rikay; MNyhridfis ,g;NghJ xt;nthU KiwAk; toq;FfpNwd;. cjhuzkhf> `y;thtpd; fpz;zk; rhg;ghl;Lld; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;> ,dpg;G my;y! khWgl;l El;gk; kw;Wk; RitfSld;> ,J gy epiyfspy; vd;id <h;f;fr;nra;jJ.

grp epiwTw;wJ> efu ikaj;jpypUe;J Rkhh; 18 fp.kP njhiytpy; mike;Js;s mjhyh[; fpuhkj;jpy; mike;Js;s mjhyh[; thtpw;F nrd;Nwd;> ,e;j mw;Gjkhd 15 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Ie;J khb vz;Nfhz tht; (];nlg;nty;) vd;id ngU%r;R tpl nra;jJ. ,e;j tht; xU fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; gad;ghl;L ,lkhf kl;Lky;yhky;> fpuhkthrpfs; jpdKk; nrd;W mjd; Rth;fspy; nrJf;fg;gl;l nja;tq;fspd; cUtq;fSf;F gpuhh;j;jid nra;Ak; xU Md;kPf milf;fykhfTk; fl;lg;gl;ljhff; $wg;gLfpwJ. mJ cs;Ns Fsph;r;rpahf ,Uf;fpwJ. ehd; ve;j gf;jh;fisAk; ghh;f;ftpy;iy> Mdhy; gy cs;Shh;> kw;Wk; rpy Rw;Wyhg; gazpfis ,q;F re;jpf;fpNwd;. ,e;jpa-,];yhkpa jhf;fq;fis ngUikg;gLj;Jk; mjd; fbdkhd fl;blf;fiy %yk; ehd; <h;f;fg;gLfpNwd;> NkYk; rpf;fyhd ,];yhkpa kyh; tbtq;fspd; ,zf;fkhd ehlfj;ij ,e;J kw;Wk; rkz milahsq;fSld; jilapd;wp ,izf;Fk; gue;j fz;fshy; ghh;j;J tpaf;fpNwd;. ,e;j mofhd ,lj;ij vd;dhy; Kbe;jtiu epidtpy; vLj;J nfhs;fpNwd;.

khiy> NjePh; kw;Wk; jpd;gz;lq;fSf;F miog;G tpLf;fpwJ kw;Wk; mfkjhghj;jpd; tPjpfs; ePuhtp rha; (ghYld; jahhpf;fg;gl;l ,dpg;G NjePh;)> njUtpy; tpw;gidahsh;fs; jhy; gf;Nfhuhit tWf;fTk; (gaW Ng];bypUe;J jahhpf;fg;gl;l g[;[p) kw;Wk; gy> thapy; vr;rpy; CUk; mstpw;F cq;fis miof;fpd;wJ. rha;> kh];fh gd; (ntz;nza; Xby;]{ld; tWf;fg;gl;l gQ;RNghd;w gd;fs;) kw;Wk; lhy;tlh (gaW Ng];l; g[;[p) Mfpatw;iw ehd; Njh;T nra;fpNwd;. vd;idg; Nghd;w F[uhj;jp czit tpUk;GNthhpd; Rit nkhl;Lfis vt;thW g+h;j;jp nra;tJ vd;gJ m`kjhghj;Jf;Fj; njhpAk;. cz;ikapy;> ehd; czit kpfTk; Nerpf;fpNwd;> Ntfitj;j Nful;> CWfha; fhyp/gpsth; kw;Wk; kpsfha; eidj;j Nlh/G mNahyp Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp xU irt ff;uhtpd; (NfhJik khT kw;Wk; vz;nzahy; nra;ag;gl;l rpw;Wz;b xU ghuk;ghpa F[uhj;jp gl;lhR Nghd;w ) vdJ gjpg;ig ehd; cz;ikapy; cUthf;fpAs;Nsd;. fhshd; kw;Wk; gd;dPh; (ghyhilf;fl;b) Nghd;w nghUl;fSf;F mg;ghw;gl;l irt czTfis cUthf;FtJ vdf;F kpfTk; gpbf;Fk; vd;W vdJ Ntiyia mwpe;j vtUf;Fk; njhpAk;. cs;Shh; czTfis jpUg;gkhff; nfhLg;gijAk; mtw;iw vd; nrhe;jkhf;FtijAk; ehd; tpUk;GfpNwd;. ,Ug;gpDk;> Njhf;yh> N`z;l;Nth> Nkhh;> /g/g;lh> Nrt; a+ry;> Njg;uh> njg;yh> Nkhfd; jhy; Nghd;w F[uhj;jpw;Nf chpj;jhd Ritahd czTfis ehd; urpf;fpNwd;> F[uhj;jp czT ,dpg;G> cg;G kw;Wk; fhukhd xU KOikahd rPuhd fyitahFk;.

mfkjhghj;Jf;fhd gazk; xU Rw;W filfSf;F nry;yhky; KOikailahJ> NkYk; gz;ila rhak; kw;Wk; rha El;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp cUthf;fg;gl;l rpy %r;rilf;ff;$ba ge;jhdp Jzpfis vLg;gij vd;dhy; epWj;j Kbatpy;iy. ,J ,e;j khepyj;jpw;F g+h;tPfkhdJ vd;Wk;> gzf;fhu ,e;jpa [Tspj; njhopypy; xU rpwg;G ,lj;ijg; gpbj;Js;sJ vd;Wk; nrhy;yj; Njitapy;iy. ehd; vt;tsT efuj;ij Rw;wp cyht tpUk;GfpNwNdh> mjd; fhl;rpfs;> xypfs; kw;Wk; thridia vLj;Jf; nfhs;Ntd;> vdJ Ntiyahy; vdJ ,e;j rhfrkhdJ Fiwf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; ehd; jpUk;gp tUtijg; gw;wp xU kdf; Fwpg;ig ntspapLtjw;F Kd;G ehd; ntspNawNghtjpy;iy.