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fhl;Lf;F miog;G

பிரச்சினை 02, 2020

fhl;Lf;F miog;G

இந்தியா முன்னோக்குகள் |நூலாசிரியர்

பிரச்சினை 02, 2020


,e;jpahtpy; Rkhu 400 tifahd ghY}l;bfs;> 1250 tifahd gwitfs;> 460tifahd Cu;td> 240 tifahd epyePu;tho; capupdq;fs; kw;Wk; 2550 tifahd kPd;fs; cs;sd. ehL KOtJk; Fiwthf mwpag;glhj rpy ghJfhg;G gFjpfis ehq;fs; cq;fsplk; nfhz;L tUfpNwhk;> mit tdtpyq;FfSf;F ghJfhg;G kl;Lky;y> mit toq;Fk; tho;tplq;fspd; fyf;fkhd fyitahfTk; mwpag;gLfpd;wd.

xuhq; Njrpa G+q;fh> mrhk;

xuhq; (uh[Pt; fhe;jp) Njrpa G+q;fh (Xvd;gp) mrhkpd; cjy;Fup khtl;lj;jpy; gpuk;kGj;uh Mw;wpd; tlf;F fiuapy; mike;Js;sJ. 1999Mk; Mz;by; xU Njrpa G+q;fhthf mikf;fg;gl;l X.vd;.gp ngUk;ghYk; kpdp fhrpuq;fh vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ> Vnddpy; ,e;j gFjpia xU nfhk;G fhz;lhkpUfj;jpd; kf;fs; njhif mjpfk; mf;fukpj;Js;sJ.

78.8 rJu fp.kP gug;gstpy; mike;Js;s ,e;j G+q;fh mjd; mofpa ,aw;if moFf;fhfTk;> Vuhskhd Gyk; ngau;e;j gwitfSf;fhfTk; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfis <u;f;fpwJ.

rpwg;gk;rq;fs;: xU nfhk;G fhz;lhkpUfk;> rpWj;ijfs;> Gyk;ngau;e;j gwitfs; kw;Wk; ahid tdg;gazk;.

miltJ vg;gb: mUfpYs;s tpkhd epiyak; NrhNdhdp> Nrhdpj;G+u; khtl;lj;jpy; Nj[;G+upypUe;J 10 fp.kP (G+q;fhtpypUe;J 32fp.kP)> Ft`hj;jpapypUe;J 140fp.kP.

n`kp]; Njrpa G+q;fh> [k;K & fh\;kPu;

1981Mk; Mz;by; epWtg;gl;L > NkYk; 1988 kw;Wk; 1990Mk; Mz;Lfspy; ,uz;L tpupthf;fq;fSf;Fg; gpwF> nkhj;jk; 4>400 rJu fp.kP gug;gsitf; nfhz;l n`kp]; Njrpa G+q;fhNt  njw;fhrpahtpy; kpfg;ngupaJ. N[&Nf kw;Wk; ylhf; A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fspy; mike;Js;s ,e;j G+q;fhtpy; fpl;lj;jl;l 200 gdp rpWj;ijfs; cs;sd.

,e;j G+q;fhtpy; 1600 cs;Shu; kf;fs; kw;Wk; 400 Mz;Lfs; goikahd n`kp]; klhyak; cs;sJ.

rpwg;gk;rq;fs;: gdp rpWj;ijfs;> Mrpa Ingf;]; kw;Wk; rpwe;j jpngj;jpa MLfs;. n`kp]; nrr;R jpUtpoh.

miltJ vg;gb: Ny tpkhd epiyak; G+q;fhtpypUe;J 5fp.kP J}uj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhy; vspjhd top tpkhdk;.

nfa;Gy; yhk;N[h Njrpa G+q;fh> kzpg;G+u;

kzpg;G+iu Rw;wpAs;s jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; tpyq;fpdq;fisg; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ ngUkfpo;r;rp mspf;fpwJ. ,J cyfpd; xNu kpjf;Fk; Njrpa G+q;fhthFk;! rpd;dkhd Nyhf;lf; Vupapy; mike;Js;s Nf.vy;.vd;.gp> ngupa kpjf;Fk; kz;izfis  nfhz;Ls;sJ> mit khWgl;l> mofhd kw;Wk; jdpj;Jtkhd tdtpyq;Ffshy; epug;gg;gLfpd;wd.

Njrpa G+q;fhtpy; mupjhd kw;Wk; mUfptUk; kzpg;G+upd; GUtk; kpUJthd khd;fspd; jhafkhFk;> ,J khepyj;jpd; rq;fha; -eld khd;> vd gpugykhf mwpag;gLfpwJ.

rpwg;gk;rq;fs;: kpjf;Fk; epy Gy;ntspfs; mitfis /Gk;b]; vd;W miog;gu;> rq;fha; khd; kw;Wk; Nyhf;lf; Vup

miltJ vg;gb: Nf.vy;.vd;.gp khepy jiyefuhd ,k;ghypUe;J rhiy topahf 54fp.kP njhiytpy;

mike;Js;sJ. [tha; rpWj;ij upru;t;> uh[];jhd;

cja;G+u; kw;Wk; N[hj;G+upd; Rw;Wyhj; jyq;fSf;F ,ilapy; mike;jpUf;fpwJ> mt;tsT mwpag;glhj [tha; miz mq;Fs;sJ> ,J nguh fpuhkj;jpw;F mUfpYk;  kw;Wk; [tha; my;yJ nguh rpWj;ij ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lkhf cs;sJ. mjd; twz;l R+oYk; xU ngupa ePu;j;Njf;fk; kw;Wk; Fif epiwe;j kiyg;ghq;fhd ,lq;fshy;> ,g;gFjpapy;  tpNr\khd Fifapy; trpf;Fk; rpWj;ijfspd; jhafkhFk;.

rpWj;ijia ghu;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; xt;nthU tUifapYk; 90rjtpfpjk; cz;L vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ!

rpwg;gk;rq;fs;: Fif trpf;Fk; rpWj;ijfs; kw;Wk; uh[];jhdpd; fpuhkg;Gw tho;f;ifapd; mDgtk;.

miltJ vg;gb: [tha; mizf;F N[hj;G+u; tpkhd epiyaj;jpypUe;J ,uz;L kzp Neuj;jpYk; (148 fp.kP) kw;Wk; cja;G+u; tpkhd epiyaj;jpypUe;J %d;W kzpNeuk; (170fp.kP) nrd;wilayhk;

fpNahyhbNah fhdh Njrpa G+q;fh> uh[];jhd;

Kd;du; guj;G+u; gwitfs; ruzhyak; vd;W miof;fg;gl;l fpNahyhbNah fhdh Njrpa G+q;fh guj;G+u; khtl;lj;jpy; khepyj;jpd; fpof;F Rw;wstpy; mike;Js;sJ. 1982Mk; Mz;by; mikf;fg;gl;l ,e;j G+q;fh 1985Mk; Mz;by; 370tifahd gwitfs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs; ,q;F ghJfhg;gjhy; And];Nfhtpd; cyf ghuk;gupa jsq;fspd; gl;baypy; Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ>

1850 Kjypy; kfhuh[hf;fSf;fhd tpisahl;L ,Ug;Gepiyahf epWtg;gl;l ,e;j G+q;fh jw;NghJ mupa kw;Wk; fpl;ljh irgPupa fpuhDf;F ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; ,lkhf cs;sJ.

rpwg;gk;rq;fs;: G+q;fhitr; Rw;wp fhy;> irf;fps; my;yJ upf;\hf;fspy; mupa gwitfs; kw;Wk; tzgazk;.

miltJ vg;gb: mUfpYs;s tpkhd epiyak; Mf;uh (56fp.kP.) MFk;. n[a;g;G+upypUe;J (182fp.kP J}uj;jpy;) rhiy topahf %d;W kzpNeuk; ,e;j G+q;fhit nrd;wilayhk;

gpd; gs;sj;jhf;F Njrpa G+q;fh> ,khr;ry gpuNjrk;

gpd; gs;sj;jhf;F Njrpa G+q;fhthdJ kiy khepykhd ,khr;ry gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s xNu caukhd> Fspu;-ghiytd Njrpa G+q;fh> y`hy; kw;Wk; ];gpl;b Jiz khtl;lj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. ,e;j G+q;fh Kjd;Kjypy; 1980fspy; njhlq;fg;gl;L> ,g;NghJ nkhj;jk; 675 rJu fp.kP gug;gsit ika kz;lykhfTk; 1150 fp.kP J}uj;ij ,ilaf kz;lykhfTk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

mUfpYs;s fpuhkkhd fhrhtpy; mjd; jiyikafj;ij nfhz;L> ,e;j G+q;fh Nfhilfhyj;jpy; 17fpuhkq;fspypUe;J 1600 Ngu; trpf;Fk; ,lkhf  ,Uf;fpwJ> ,tu;fs; lhf;`uP]; (Nfhilfhy FbNaw;wq;fs;) vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;

rpwg;gk;rq;fs;: Fq;up klhyak;> Nfhilfhy FbapUg;Gfs;> gdpr;rpWj;ij kw;Wk; ,kakiy Ingf;];.

miltJ vg;gb:  Nfhilfhyj;jpy; kzhyp topahf Fd;Rk; gh]; topahfTk;> Fspu;fhyj;jpy; rpk;yh topahf nuf;fhq; gpNah topahfTk; G+q;fhit milayhk;.

kfhj;kh fhe;jp fly; Njrpa G+q;fh> me;jkhd; kw;Wk; epf;Nfhghu; jPTfs;

ehl;bd; rpy fly; ghJfhg;G ,Ug;Gf;fspy; xd;whd kfhj;kh fhe;jp fly; Njrpa G+q;fh (vk;[pvk;vd;gp) gtsg;ghiwfs;> rJg;Gepyq;fs; kw;Wk; jhtu jPTfspd; mupa Rw;Wr;R+oy; mikg;igg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf 1983Mk;Mz;by; epWtg;gl;lJ. Nghu;l; gpNsaUf;F Nkw;Nf 29 fp.kP njhiytpy; cs;s thz;liur; Rw;wpAs;s gpuhe;jpa ePupy; 281.5 rJu fp.kP gug;gstpy; ,e;j ,Ug;G cs;sJ.

rpwg;gk;rq;fs;: mupa fly; Rw;Wr;R+oy; mikg;Gfs;> ];Nehu;nfy;ypq; kw;Wk; glF rthup

miltJ vg;gb: me;jkhd; kw;Wk; epf;Nfhghu; jPTfspd; jiyefuhd Nghu;l; gpNsupypUe;J rhiy topahf G+q;fhit mZfyhk;.

iryz;l; Ntyp Njrpa G+q;fh> Nfush

Nfushtpd; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; filrp kiof;fhLfspy; xd;whd iryz;l; Ntyp Njrpa G+q;fh 1985,y; Kiwahf jpwf;fg;gl;lJ. iryz;l; Ntyp Njrpa G+q;fhtpd; fhLfs; cyfpd; kpf mofpa> jdpj;Jtkhd kw;Wk; mjpf nropg;ghd  Rw;Wr;R+oy; mikg;Gfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

Nfushtpd; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; filrp kiof;fhLfspy; xd;whd iryz;l; Ntyp Njrpa G+q;fh 1985,y; Kiwahf jpwf;fg;gl;lJ. iryz;l; Ntyp Njrpa G+q;fhtpd; fhLfs; cyfpd; kpf mofpa> jdpj;Jtkhd kw;Wk; mjpf nropg;ghd  Rw;Wr;R+oy; mikg;Gfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

rpwg;gk;rq;fs;: gRik Rw;Wyh> rpq;fk; thy; kf;fhf;f]; Fuq;Ffs;  kw;Wk; fpl;lj;jl;l 164 tifahd gl;lhk;G+r;rpfs;.

miltJ vg;gb: nfhr;rp (5 kzp> 200fp.kP) my;yJ jkpo;ehl;bd; Nfhak;Gj;J}u; (2kzp> 65fp.kP) topahf ,e;j G+q;fhit mZfyhk;.

jNlhgh-me;jhup Gyp upru;t;> kfhuh\;buh

jNlhgh Njrpa G+q;fh kw;Wk; me;jhup tdtpyq;F ruzhyak; Mfpait 625.40 rJu fp.kP gug;gstpy; jNlhgh-me;jhup Gyp upru;it  (bVbMu;) cUthf;Ffpd;wd. cs;Shu; nja;tkhd jhU kw;Wk; upru;t; fhLfs; topahf ghAk; me;jhup ejpf;F ngauplg;gl;l> bVbMu;> 1995,y; mjpfhug;G+u;tkhf xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;lJ> fzprkhd Gypfspd; trpf;Fk; ,lk; ,J xU Kf;fpa Rw;Wyh mk;rkhFk;.

rpwg;gk;rq;fs;: ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s 50Gypfs; fhg;gfq;fspy; bVbMu; xd;whFk;. ,q;F Nrhk;gy; fubfSk; kw;Wk; R+oy; el;G tpLjp.

miltJ vg;gb: ehf;G+upypUe;J (145 fp.kP) rhiy topahf %d;W kzpNeuj;jpy; ,e;j ,Ug;G mike;Js;sJ

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