dkykrhr Kku dk çeq[k dsaæ
jktxhj ls lVk ukyank fo'ofo|ky; oSfnd Kku dk [ktkuk gSA bruk gh ugha] ;g fo'ofo|ky; vewY; Hkkjrh; f'k{kk ç.kkyh dk laj{kd Hkh gS
uk yank nqfu;k dh lcls çkphu Kku izkIr djus dh izfrf”Br txgksa esa ls ,d gSA ,d ,slk fo’ofo|ky;] ftlds [kaMgj fcgkj esa jktxhj ls 12 fdyksehVj dh nwjh ij fLFkr gSaA çkphu fo’ofo|ky; orZeku esa Hkkjr ds dqN lcls çfl) okLrqdkjksa vkSj ;kstukdkjksa }kjk cukbZ xbZ O;kid ifj;kstuk ds rgr bldk th.kksZ)kj fd;k x;kA bls 2022 dh ‘kq#vkr esa ,d iquthZfor ikBîØe vkSj ubZ Hkkouk ds lkFk fQj ls [kksy fn;k x;kA ukyank frCcrh ;k egk;ku ckS) /keZ dh le`) lEink ds fy, lcls vPNh rjg ls tkuk tkrk gSA fo’ks”k :i ls ftls nykbZ ykek ^ukyank ijaijk^ dgdj iqdkjrs gSaA laLFkk dh LFkkiuk ikapoha ‘krkCnh esa jktx`g ;k vk/kqfud fnu jktxhj] ¼’kkfCnd :i ls ^jktkvksa dk fuokl^½ esa gqbZ FkhA ;g uxjh çkphu ex/k lkezkT; dh jkt/kkuh gqvk djrh FkhA bldk fuekZ.k xqIr ‘kkld ‘kØkfnR; ;k dqekjxqIr çFke }kjk ¼415 & 455 bZLoh esa½ ckS) eB ds :i esa fd;k x;k FkkA ukyank egkfogkj dks varr% nqfu;k ds igys vkoklh; f’k{kk dsaæ ds :i esa tkuk x;kA blus yxHkx 700 o”kksaZ rd nf{k.k iwoZ ,f’k;k ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa vkSj fo}kuksa dks vkdf”kZr fd;kA
;g f’k{k.k laLFkku cq)xqIr] ckykfnR;] rFkkxrxqIr vkSj otz lfgr xqIr ‘kklu ds nkSjku 5oha ls 12oha ‘krkCnh rd Qyrk&Qwyrk jgkA jktk v’kksd] g”kZo/kZu vkSj iky oa’k us ckn esa ifjlj esa dbZ vkSj eafnjksa vkSj eBksa dk fuekZ.k djk;kA ml le; Nk=ksa dk ços’k ikuk cgqr dfBu gqvk djrk FkkA fu;e csgn dBksj FksA bl çfrf”Br fo’ofo|ky; esa çR;sd 10 mEehnokjksa esa ls dsoy nks mEehnokjksa dks gh izos’k fey ikrk FkkA gkykafd] lu 1811&1812 rd bfrgkl ds bl pednkj VqdM+s dks fQj ls ugha [kkstk x;k FkkA bldk irk rc pyk] tc LFkkuh; yksxksa us fczfV’k losZ{kd Ýkafll cqdkuu&gSfeYVu dks {ks= esa [kaMgjksa ds fo’kky eSnku ds laca/k esa tkudkjh nhA cqdkuu&gSfeYVu us lkbV dk losZ{k.k fd;kA ;g lu 1847 esa gh laHko gks ldk fd estj ek[kZe fdêks us vo’ks”kksa vkSj eycs dk v/;;u djds] bls ukyank fo’ofo|ky; ls tksM+kA lu 1861&1862 esa] vysDtsaMj dfua?ke vkSj rRdkyhu uoxfBr Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo losZ{k.k ¼,,lvkbZ½ us ,d vkf/kdkfjd fujh{k.k fd;kA ,,lvkbZ }kjk [kaMgjksa dh lko/kkuh iwoZd [kqnkbZ 1915 esa vk;ksftr dh xbZ FkhA ;g [kqnkbZ 1937 esa tkdj lekIr gqbZA bu xfrfof/k;ksa ds ckn dfua?ke us phuh ;kf=;ksa ºosu lkax vkSj f;ftax ds o`Ùkkarksa dk xgu v/;;u fd;kA bu phuh ;kf=;ksa us bl izfrf”Br fo’ofo|ky; esa v/;;u fd;k FkkA dfua?ke us ‘kks/k djus ds i’pkr gh egkfogkj ds bfrgkl dks ,d lkFk tksM+kA vkt tks Hkou [kM+k gS] og HkO; egkfogkj dk ,d NksVk&lk fgLlk gks ldrk gSA fiNyh fjiksVksaZ esa dgk x;k gS fd ukyank] ftlds ifjlj esa djhc 10]000 Nk= vkSj 2]000 f’k{kd gqvk djrs Fks] og fo’ofo|ky; dqN lkS ,dM+ esa QSyk gks ldrk gSA dksbZ Hkh ;gka ij eBksa] bZaVksa ls cus eafnjksa vkSj O;k[;ku d{kksa ds fu’kku ns[k ldrk gSA ifjlj esa yky bZaV ls cuh bekjrksa dks ,d dsaæh; iSny ekxZ ls Hkyh&Hkkafr tksM+k x;k FkkA ;gka ij ,d mYys[kuh; ty fudklh ç.kkyh Hkh gqvk djrh FkhA fuoklh Nk=ksa ds fy, eB bldh iwoZ fn’kk esa vkSj eafnj if’pe fn’kk esa FksA
;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd ukyank sa /keZxat ¼ifo= LFky½ uked ,d cgq&eaftyk iqLrdky; Hkh FkkA bldh rhu eaftyksa ij jRujatdk ¼xgus ls lth½] jRuksnf/k ¼jRuksa dk leqæ½ vkSj jRulkxj ¼xgus dk lkxj½ uked d{k FksA buesa cM+h la[;k esa ifo= ikaMqfyfi;ka vkSj xzaFk j[ks gq, FksA ;s iqLrdsa fpfdRlk] [kxksy foKku] T;ksfr”k vkSj lkfgR; ls lacaf/kr fo”k;ksa dh FkhaA fo’ofo|ky; esa Bgjus ds fy, dbZ eB vkSj dbZ fogkj FksA os ,dy ;k lk>k dejksa ds :i esa dk;Z djrs FksA çR;sd Hkou dk viuk eafnj] O;fäxr y‚dj flLVe] jlksbZ vkSj Hkkstu {ks= ds lkFk vUu HkaMkj FkkA vf/kdka’k bekjrksa dks ns[kdj yxrk gS fd lfn;ksa igys Hkh fdrus ‘kkunkj Hkou cuk, tkrs FksA
;wusLdks us bls fo’o /kjksgj LFky ?kksf”kr fd;k gSA ;gka ij ckS) vkSj fganw ewfrZ;ksa] flDdksa] eqgjksa] f’kykys[kksa ds lkFk&lkFk igyh ‘krkCnh ds nks fo’kky tkj vkSj tys gq, pkoy ds uewus feys FksA blds mR[kfur vo’ks”k] iM+kslh ukyank iqjkrRo laxzgky; esa lajf{kr gSaA ckS) vkSj tSu leqnk;ksa ds fy, ;g LFky csgn ikou gSA gj lky ,f’k;k vkSj nqfu;k Hkj ls gtkjksa n’kZukFkhZ ukyank vkrs gSaA 2018 esa] rRdkyhu Hkkjrh; jk”Vªifr jkeukFk dksfoan us fcgkj ds jktxhj varjjk”Vªh; dUosa’ku lsaVj esa pkSFks varjjk”Vªh; /keZ&/kEe lEesyu dk mn~?kkVu fd;kA bafM;k QkmaMs’ku] fons’k ea=ky; vkSj fo;ruke ckS) fo’ofo|ky; ds lg;ksx ls vk;ksftr] rhu fnolh; lEesyu us Kku ds ,d eap ij iwohZ ,f’k;k vkSj e/; ,f’k;k ds dqN ‘kkunkj fnekxksa dks ,d lkFk ykdj ‘kkafr vkSj ekuoh; ewY;ksa dks c<+kok nsus ij çdk’k MkykA lEesyu esa ckS) /keZ vkSj ,drk ds lkoZHkkSfed ewY;ksa dks viukus ij cy fn;kA bldh efgek dks okil ykus ds fy, ,d fo’kky iqu#)kj ifj;kstuk Hkh py jgh gSA